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Objective:To understand the incidence of sleep disorder in human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) patients before antiviral therapy, and to explore its risk factors.Methods:200 newly treated HIV/AIDS patients who visited the Eighth Affiliated City Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University from January to June 2016 were randomly selected. According to the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), they were divided into a good sleep group and a Sleep disorder group; The influencing factors of sleep disorder in HIV/AIDS patients were analyzed by univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression.Results:The incidence of Sleep disorder in 200 HIV/AIDS patients before antiviral therapy was 22.5%(45/200); CD4 + T cell count was (414.13±202.16)/μl; 29%(58/200) of patients had CD4 + T cell counts<200/μl. There were significant differences in CD4 + T cell count and the proportion of patients with syphilis infection, comorbidity anxiety and comorbidity depression between the good sleep group and the Sleep disorder group (all P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that syphilis infection ( OR=4.606; 95% CI: 1.973-10.752; P<0.001), comorbidity anxiety ( OR=2.496; 95% CI: 1.086-5.737; P=0.031) and comorbidity depression ( OR=2.087; 95% CI: 0.915-4.760; P=0.040) were risk factors for sleep disorder in HIV/AIDS patients before antiviral treatment. Conclusions:The incidence of Sleep disorder in HIV/AIDS patients before antiviral therapy in Guangzhou is high, especially in patients with syphilis infection, comorbidity anxiety and comorbidity depression. The sleep disorder of HIV/AIDS patients should be assessed and detected early, and multiple interventions should be taken to improve sleep quality.
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Danggui Buxuetang， derived from Clarifying Doubts about Damage from Internal and External Causes （Volume 2）： Treatise on Heat Injury to Stomach Qi（《内外伤辨惑论卷中·暑伤胃气论》） by LI Dongyuan in the Jin and Yuan dynasties， is a classic and famous formula for tonifying qi and generating blood that has been inherited and promoted by successive generations of medical practitioners and has been included in the "Catalogue of Ancient Classical Prescriptions （First Batch）" published by the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine in 2018. The paper analyzed the historical origin， composition， dosage， processing， preparation， decocting， and taking methods， efficacy， and application of the classic formula Danggui Buxuetang by consulting ancient and modern literature and combining the key information examination principles of ancient classic prescriptions. A total of 604 pieces of information on relevant ancient literature were collected， including 186 ancient Chinese medical books， of which 40 （five in the Jin and Yuan dynasties， 19 in the Ming Dynasty， and 16 in the Qing Dynasty） had detailed records of composition， processing， and dosage. Danggui Buxuetang is mainly comprised of Astragali Radix and Angelicae Sinensis Radix. According to the ancient and modern dose conversion， there are 37.3-38.1 g of Astragali Radix and 7.5-7.6 g of Angelicae Sinensis Radix in the formula. Astragali Radix is preferably fried with honey and Angelicae Sinensis Radix with wine. Astragali Radix and Angelicae Sinensis Radix are decocted with 600 mL of water to 300 mL， and taken warm before meals. The main effect of this formula are described in ancient books as blood deficiency and fever， with symptoms of muscle fever， dryness and heat， irritability and thirst， red eyes and face， sleeplessness in daytime and night， and surging and feeble pulse which is weak under hard pressing， and it is a famous formula for replenishing qi and generating blood. Modern research shows that Danggui Buxuetang is commonly used in the treatment of various kinds of anemia， diabetic nephropathy， tumors， and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. The above research results can provide a reference for the subsequent development and research on the classic formula Danggui Buxuetang.
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Background/Aims@#The discrepancies between the diagnosis of preoperative endoscopic forceps biopsy (EFB) and endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) in patients with early gastric neoplasm (EGN) exist objectively. Among them, pathological upgrading directly influences the accuracy and appropriateness of clinical decisions. The aims of this study were to investigate the risk factors for the discrepancies, with a particular focus on pathological upgrading and to establish a prediction model for estimating the risk of pathological upgrading after EFB. @*Methods@#We retrospectively collected the records of 978 patients who underwent ESD from December 1, 2017 to July 31, 2021 and who had a final histopathology determination of EGN. A nomogram to predict the risk of pathological upgrading was constructed after analyzing subgroup differences among the 901 lesions enrolled. @*Results@#The ratio of pathological upgrading was 510 of 953 (53.5%). Clinical, laboratorial and endoscopic characteristics were analyzed using univariable and binary multivariable logistic regression analyses. A nomogram was constructed by including age, history of chronic atrophic gastritis, symptoms of digestive system, blood high density lipoprotein concentration, macroscopic type, pathological diagnosis of EFB, uneven surface, remarkable redness, and lesion size. The C-statistics were 0.804 (95% confidence interval, 0.774 to 0.834) and 0.748 (95% confidence interval, 0.664 to 0.832) in the training and validation set, respectively. We also built an online webserver based on the proposed nomogram for convenient clinical use. @*Conclusions@#The clinical value of identifying the preoperative diagnosis of EGN lesions is limited when using EFB separately. We have developed a nomogram that can predict the probability of pathological upgrading with good calibration and discrimination value.
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Objective: To investigate the effects of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway on the migration ability of HaCaT cells and full-thickness skin defects in mice. Methods: The experimental research method was adopted. According to the random number table (the same below), HaCaT cells were divided into the normal oxygen group and the hypoxia group cultured under hypoxia (with oxygen volume fraction of 1%, the same below) condition. After 24 hours of culture, the significantly differentially expressed genes between the 2 groups were screened using the microarray confidence analysis software SAM4.01. The significance of the number of each gene in the signaling pathway was analyzed through the Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes to screen the significantly differentially signaling pathways (n=3). HaCaT cells were cultured for 0 (immediately), 3, 6, 12, and 24 h under hypoxia condition. The secretion level of TNF-α was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the number of samples was 5. HaCaT cells were divided into normal oxygen group, hypoxia alone group, and hypoxia+inhibitor group cultured with FR180204 (an ERK inhibitor) and under hypoxia condition. The cells were cultured for 3, 6, 12, and 24 h. The migration ability of the cells was detected by scratch test (n=12). The expressions of phosphorylated nuclear factor kappa B (p-NF-κB), phosphorylated p38 (p-p38), phosphorylated ERK1/2 (p-ERK1/2), N-cadherin, and E-cadherin in HaCaT cells were detected by Western blotting under hypoxic condition for 0, 3, 6, 12, and 24 h (n=3). Sixty-four BALB/c male mice aged 6 to 8 weeks were used to make a full-thickness skin defect wound model on the dorsum of the mice. The mice were divided into the blank control group and the inhibitor group treated with FR180204, with 32 mice in each group being treated accordingly. On post injury day (PID) 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15, the wound conditions of mice were observed and the healing rate was calculated (n=8). On PID 1, 3, 6, and 15, hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to observe neovascularization, inflammatory cell infiltration, and epidermal regeneration on wound, Masson staining was used to observe collagen deposition on wound, the expressions of p-NF-κB, p-p38, p-ERK12, N-cadherin, and E-cadherin in wound tissue were detected by Western blotting (n=6), the number of Ki67 positive cells and the absorbance value of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were detected by immunohistochemistry (n=5), the protein expressions of interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-10, IL-1β, and CCL20 in wound tissue were detected by ELISA (n=6). Data were statistically analyzed with one-way analysis of variance, analysis of variance for repeated measurement, factorial design analysis of variance, Tukey test, least significant difference test, and independent sample t test. Results: After 24 hours of culture, compared with normal oxygen group, 7 667 genes were up-regulated and 7 174 genes were down-regulated in cells in hypoxic group. Among the above differentially expressed genes, the TNF-α signaling pathway had significant change (P<0.05) with large number of genes. Under hypoxia condition, the expression of TNF-α at 24 h of cell culture was (11.1±2.1) pg/mL, which was significantly higher than (1.9±0.3) pg/mL at 0 h (P<0.05). Compared with normal oxygen group, the migration ability of cells in hypoxia alone group was significantly enhanced at 6, 12, and 24 h of cell culture (with t values of 2.27, 4.65, and 4.67, respectively, P<0.05). Compared with hypoxia alone group, the migration ability of cells in hypoxia+inhibitor group was significantly decreased at 3, 6, 12, and 24 h of cell culture (with t values of 2.43, 3.06, 4.62, and 8.14, respectively, P<0.05). Under hypoxia condition, the expressions of p-NF-κB, p-ERK1/2, and N-cadherin were increased significantly at 12 and 24 h of cell culture compared with 0 h of culture (P<0.05), the expression of p-p38 was significantly increased at 3, 6, 12, and 24 h of cell culture (P<0.05), the expression of E-cadherin was significantly decreased at 6, 12, and 24 h of cell culture (P<0.05), the expression of p-ERK1/2, p-NF-κB, and E-cadherin was time-dependent. Compared with blank control group, on PID 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15, the wound healing rate of mice in inhibitor group was significantly decreased (P<0.05); there were more inflammatory cell infiltration around the wound edge of mice in inhibitor group on PID 3, 6, and 15, especially on PID 15, a large number of tissue necrosis and discontinuous new epidermal layer were observed on the wound surface, and collagen synthesis and new blood vessels were reduced; the expression of p-NF-κB in the wound of mice in inhibitor group was significantly decreased on PID 3 and 6 (with t values of 3.26 and 4.26, respectively, P<0.05) but significantly increased on PID 15 (t=3.25, P<0.05), the expressions of p-p38 and N-cadherin were significantly decreased on PID 1, 3, and 6 (with t values of 4.89, 2.98, 3.98, 9.51, 11.69, and 4.10, respectively, P<0.05), the expression of p-ERK1/2 was significantly decreased on PID 1, 3, 6, and 15 (with t values of 26.69, 3.63, 5.12, and 5.14, respectively, P<0.05), the expression of E-cadherin was significantly decreased on PID 1 (t=20.67, P<0.05) but significantly increased on PID 6 (t=2.90, P<0.05); the number of Ki67 positive cells and absorbance value of VEGF of wound in inhibitor group were significantly decreased on PID 3, 6, and 15 (with t values of 4.20, 7.35, 3.34, 4.14, 3.20, and 3.73, respectively, P<0.05); the expression of IL-10 in the wound tissue of the inhibitor group was significantly decreased on PID 6 (t=2.92, P<0.05), the expression of IL-6 was significantly increased on PID 6 (t=2.73, P<0.05), the expression of IL-1β was significantly increased on PID 15 (t=3.46, P<0.05), and CCL20 expression levels were significantly decreased on PID 1 and 6 (with t values of 3.96 and 2.63, respectively, P<0.05) but significantly increased on PID 15 (t=3.68, P<0.05). Conclusions: The TNF-α/ERK pathway can promote the migration of HaCaT cells, and regulate the healing of full-thickness skin defect wounds in mice by affecting the expression of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines.
Subject(s)
Male , Animals , Mice , Humans , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha , Interleukin-10 , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A , Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases , HaCaT Cells , Interleukin-6 , Ki-67 Antigen , NF-kappa B , Hypoxia , OxygenABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the expression levels and clinical significance of glioma-associated oncogene homolog 1 (GLI1) and sonic hedgehog signaling molecule (Shh) in the malignant transformation of ovarian endometriosis (EM).Methods:The expressions of GLI1 and Shh were detected by real-time reverse transcription (RT)-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and EnVision method in 50 cases of ovarian EM tissues, 35 cases of atypical endometriosis (aEM) and 50 cases of endometriosis-associated ovarian cancer (EAOC). The expression differences of two molecular markers in the malignant transformation of ovarian EM were compared, and the relationships between two molecular markers and the clinicopathological features and prognosis of EAOC were analyzed.Results:(1) RT-PCR showed that the expression levels of GLI1 mRNA in EM, aEM and EAOC group were 1.77±0.40, 3.54±0.44, and 7.80±0.24, respectively. The expression levels of Shh mRNA were 0.95±0.21, 3.14±0.35, and 5.41±0.31, respectively. GLI1 and Shh mRNA in EAOC group were significantly higher than those in EM and aEM group (all P<0.01), and there were statistically significant differences between EM and aEM group (all P<0.01). The percentages of GLI1 in ovarian EM, aEM and EAOC were 32% (16/50), 57% (20/35), and 66% (33/50), respectively, meanwhile, the positive expression rates of Shh were 20% (10/50), 49% (17/35), and 54% (27/50), respectively (all P<0.01). GLI1 mRNA expression was positively correlated with Shh mRNA expression in EAOC tissues ( r=0.721, P<0.01). The expressions of GLI1 protein were proportionated to Shh protein in EAOC tissues ( r=0.608, P=0.001). (2) The expression of GLI1 was significantly related to the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage, cancer antigen 125 (CA 125) levels, lymph node metastasis, and Platinum resistance in EAOC patients (all P<0.05). The expression of Shh were related to FIGO stage and lymph node metastasis in EAOC patients (all P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that GLI1 expression was an independent risk factor for poor prognosis in EAOC patients ( P<0.05). Kaplan-meier survival analysis showed that the overall survival rate of EAOC patients with high GLI1 expression and low GLI1 expression was 12.1% and 35.3%, respectively, with statistical significance ( χ2=10.73, P<0.01). The overall survival rate of EAOC patients with high and low expression of Shh protein was 11.1% and 30.4%, in which there was statistically significant difference ( χ2=3.96, P=0.047). Conclusion:GLI1 and Shh are highly associated with the malignant transformation of ovarian EM, which may play a role in promoting malignant degeneration of ovarian EM, and the high expression of GLI1 and Shh indicates a poor prognosis in EAOC patients.
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OBJECTIVE@#To investigate whether Lingbao Huxin Pill (LBHX) protects against acute myocardial infarction (AMI) at the infarct border zone (IBZ) of myocardial tissue by regulating apoptosis and inflammation through the sirtuin 1 (SIRT1)-mediated forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1) and nuclear factor-κ B (NF-κ B) signaling pathways.@*METHODS@#Six-week-old Wistar rats with normal diet were randomized into the sham, the model, Betaloc (0.9 mg/kg daily), LBHX-L (0.45 mg/kg daily), LBHX-M (0.9 mg/kg daily), LBHX-H (1.8 mg/kg daily), and LBHX+EX527 (0.9 mg/kg daily) groups according to the method of random number table, 13 in each group. In this study, left anterior descending coronary artery (LADCA) ligation was performed to induce an AMI model in rats. The myocardial infarction area was examined using a 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride solution staining assay. A TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay was conducted to assess cardiomyocyte apoptosis in the IBZ. The histopathology of myocardial tissue at the IBZ was assessed with Heidenhain, Masson and hematoxylineosin (HE) staining assays. The expression levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1 β, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). The mRNA expressions of SIRT1 and FOXO1 were detected by real-time qPCR (RT-qPCR). The protein expressions of SIRT1, FOXO1, SOD2, BAX and NF- κ B p65 were detected by Western blot analysis.@*RESULTS@#The ligation of the LADCA successfully induced an AMI model. The LBHX pretreatment reduced the infarct size in the AMI rats (P<0.01). The TUNEL assay revealed that LBHX inhibited cardiomyocyte apoptosis at the IBZ. Further, the histological examination showed that the LBHX pretreatment decreased the ischemic area of myocardial tissue (P<0.05), myocardial interstitial collagen deposition (P<0.05) and inflammation at the IBZ. The ELISA results indicated that LBHX decreased the serum levels of inflammatory cytokines in the AMI rats (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Furthermore, Western blot analysis revealed that the LBHX pretreatment upregulated the protein levels of SIRT1, FOXO1 and SOD2 (P<0.05) and downregulated NF- κ B p65 and BAX expressions (P<0.05). The RT-qPCR results showed that LBHX increased the SIRT1 mRNA and FOXO1 mRNA levels (P<0.05). These protective effects, including inhibiting apoptosis and alleviating inflammation in the IBZ, were partially abolished by EX527, an inhibitor of SIRT1.@*CONCLUSION@#LBHX could protect against AMI by suppressing apoptosis and inflammation in AMI rats and the SIRT1-mediated FOXO1 and NF- κ B signaling pathways were involved in the cardioprotection effect of LBHX.
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Animals , Rats , Apoptosis , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Inflammation/metabolism , Myocardial Infarction/pathology , NF-kappa B/metabolism , Nerve Tissue Proteins , Rats, Wistar , Sirtuin 1/geneticsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To establish an animal model of acute B lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) with minimal residual disease.@*METHODS@#The transplanted tumor was formed by subcutaneous injection of 2×107 Nalm-6 cells, and the body weight, activity status and tumor formation status of nude mice were observed. Peripheral blood, bone marrow, liver and spleen and other tissues of nude mice were taken for pathological examination to understand whether the success of subcutaneous modeling was accompanied by systemic metastasis.@*RESULTS@#There were 2×107 Nalm-6 cells injected subcutaneously in nude mice, (11.0±2.5) days later, the tumors of (3-4) × (3-4) mm were observed, the body weight of the nude mice was reduced and activity showed no limited. Infiltration of tumor cells in liver, spleen and bone marrow were observed in pathological sections.@*CONCLUSION@#The animal model of subcutaneous tumor of B-ALL was successfully established in nude mice.
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Animals , Humans , Mice , Body Weight , Disease Models, Animal , Mice, Nude , Neoplasm Transplantation , Neoplasm, Residual , Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-LymphomaABSTRACT
Objective:To establish an animal model of chronic systemic inflammation with long-term high expression of circulating IL-6 by introducing exogenous IL-6 gene transfer vector.Methods:Recombinant murine IL-6-encoding adeno-associated virus (AAV-IL-6) was constructed. Twenty-one 24-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into three groups with seven in each group: AAV-IL-6 group, vector control (AAV-ctrl) group and blank control group. At 0, 8 and 16 weeks of intervention, the mice in the three groups were injected with AAV-IL-6 (100 μl 0.5×10 10 vp/ml), unloaded AAV (100 μl 0.5×10 10 vp/ml) and the same volume of saline in the tail vein, respectively. IL-6 levels in mouse serum were measured by ELISA. The general condition of mice was observed and blood routine tests were performed. Changes in blood biochemical parameters and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were detected. At the end of 24-week intervention, the mice were sacrificed and the myocardium, liver, spleen, quadriceps femoris, knee joint and middle femur were taken for HE staining. Results:At 4, 8, 16 and 24 weeks after intervention, serum IL-6 levels were (75.41-169.28) pg/ml in the AAV-IL-6 group, while in the two control groups, the levels were below the lower limit of detection (7.8 pg/ml). At 24 weeks after intervention, the body weight of mice in the AAV-IL-6 group was significantly lower than that of mice in the two control groups; the neutrophil counts and CRP level in the AAV-IL-6 group were higher than those in the two control groups, while the levels of albumin, creatinine, triglyceride and cholesterol were lower than those in the two control groups. There were no differences in the aforementioned parameters between the two control groups. Compared with the blank control group, both AAV-IL-6 and AAV-ctrl groups showed increased lymphocyte counts. All mice had normal liver and kidney functions at the end of intervention. Histopathological findings indicated that the mice in the AAV-IL-6 group had focal infiltration of lymphocytes in the central venous area of the liver and around the myocardial and the skeletal muscle fibers, diffuse infiltration of multinucleated giant cells in the spleen, atrophic skeletal muscle, disorganized growth plate, reduced chondrocyte hypertrophic zone, thinner bone cortex and trabecular, and reduced osteoid. There were no histopathological changes in mice of the two control groups.Conclusions:Repeated tail vein injection of AAV-IL-6 could achieve long-term high expression of circulating IL-6 in mice, which manifested the phenotype of chronic systemic inflammation in preliminary detection and provided a safe, effective and simply accessible animal model for related studies.
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ObjectiveTo study the effect of Huazhuo Jiedu Huoxue Tongluo （HJHT） prescription on the intestinal flora in rats with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury， and to explore the mechanism of Chinese medicinal prescription regulating intestinal flora to restore the balance of brain-gut axis. MethodFifty male SPF SD rats were randomly assigned into sham group， model group， high-dose HJHT group （25.0 g·kg-1）， medium-dose HJHT group （12.5 g·kg-1）， and low-dose HJHT group （6.25 g·kg-1）， with 10 rats in each group. The rat model of permanent middle cerebral artery infarction was established according to Longa method and previous research experience， and reperfusion was performed 2 h after ischemia. The recovery of neurological function deficit and the percentage of cerebral infarction area were detected 72 h after administration. Real-time PCR was performed to detect the mRNA levels of Occludin and zonula occludens-1 （ZO-1） in rat colon. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was conducted to reveal the intestinal damage. The feces of 6 rats in each group were collected for 16S rRNA sequencing. The expression of Treg and Th17 in intestinal tissue， peripheral blood， and brain tissue were detected. ResultCompared with the sham group， the model group showed obvious neurological deficit （P<0.05） and large cerebral infarction area （P<0.05）. High-dose and medium-doses HJHT alleviated the symptoms of neurological impairment （P<0.05） and reduce the cerebral infarction area （P<0.05） compared with the model group. Compared with the sham group， the model group showed destroyed structure of colonic mucosa and incomplete epithelial cells and goblet cells， while high-dose and medium-doses HJHT alleviated such changes. The mRNA levels of Occludin and ZO-1 in the model group were lower than those in the sham group （P<0.05），and the high-dose HJHT groups were higher than the model group （P<0.05）. The intestinal flora structure was significantly different between the model group and the sham group while similar between the high-dose HJHT group and sham group. Compared with the sham group， the model group showed down-regulated expression of Treg and up-regulated expression of Th17 in the intestinal tissue， peripheral blood， and brain tissue， and high-dose and medium-dose HJHT alleviated the changes in the expression of Treg and Th17 in the model group （P<0.05）. ConclusionHuazhuo Jiedu Huoxue Tongluo prescription may improve the permeability of intestinal wall by adjusting the abundance and diversity of intestinal microorganisms to reduce the migration of intestinal Th17 cells toward the ischemic lateral brain tissue， mitigate the inflammatory response， and thus alleviate the cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats.
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Objective:To observe the technique of using the random flap with a subcutaneous pedicle forone-stage reconstuction of anterior auricular conchal defect and its efficancy.Methods:Ten cases were involved in this study, including 3 cases of carcinoma, 6 cases of nevus, and one with iatrogenic detect. Six patients were men, and 4 were women. Their ages were 2 months to 68 years (mean 57 years). Surgical defect size ranged from 1.0 cm×1.0 cm to 2.5 cm×1.5 cm. They were resected and reconstructed using the retroauricular random flap of the subcutaneous pedicle.Results:10 wounds were healed by first intention. The appearance and functionality of the flap matched well with the receiptive site. During 6 to 24 months of follow-up, no tumor or nevus recurred. All patients were satisfied with the aesthetic results of the POSAS assessment scale.Conclusions:Aesthetic results are achieved with satisfactory appearance and functionality by this easy-to-learn technique in comparative short surgical time.
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Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) manifests as a series of disorders in reproductive system, endocrine, and metabolism, and there is a significant increase in the prevalence rate of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in the population with PCOS. At present, the risk factors for PCOS with NAFLD have not been fully clarified. This article introduces the research advances in PCOS with NAFLD from the aspects of hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance, obesity, dyslipidemia, chronic low-grade inflammation, and intestinal flora imbalance, so as to provide ideas and methods for improving the awareness and management of PCOS with NAFLD.
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Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) manifests as a series of disorders in reproductive system, endocrine, and metabolism, and there is a significant increase in the prevalence rate of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in the population with PCOS. At present, the risk factors for PCOS with NAFLD have not been fully clarified. This article introduces the research advances in PCOS with NAFLD from the aspects of hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance, obesity, dyslipidemia, chronic low-grade inflammation, and intestinal flora imbalance, so as to provide ideas and methods for improving the awareness and management of PCOS with NAFLD.
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Objective@#To explore the relationship between urinary soybean isoflavone metabolites and sexual development of adolescent girls.@*Methods@#Fifty girls of grade 5 from one primary school in Xingang City who met the inclusion criteria were selected. Sexual characteristic development was assessed and soybean isoflavone metabolites in urine was tested by ultra high speed liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC MS/MS).@*Results@#Levels of dye xylinone in girls with different stages of sexual development (advanced, normal, and delayed groups) varied significantly[(186.7±24.1，171.8±22.8，155.3±21.6)μmol/mol] ( F =3.53， P <0.05), highest in advanced group. Urinary genistein was significantly higher in menarche group than that of non menarche group[(213.4±22.8，166.3±21.7)μmol/mol] ( t =2.16， P <0.05). Urinary genistein may be associated with early sexual development among adolescent girls.@*Conclusion@#High level of urine genistein may be related to the early sexual development of adolescent girls.
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Chemical constituents from aerial parts of Glycyrrhiza uralensis were analyzed and identified using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap-MS). The chromatographic column of Waters Acquity UPLC BEH-C_(18)(2.1 mm×100 mm, 1.7 μm) was adopted, with acetonitrile-water(0.5% formic acid) as mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.2 mL·min~(-1). Data was collected in positive and negative modes of electrospray ionization(ESI). A total of 55 compounds, including 42 flavonoids, 9 stilbenes, 2 coumarins, 1 lignin and 1 phenolic acid, which were characterized in the aerial parts of G. uralensis based on accurate molecular mass information of molecular and product ions provided by UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap-MS based on comparison with standard substances and references. It is an effective and accurate method to provide chemical information of constituents in aerial parts of G. uralensis, and can provide a reference for further study on pharmacodynamic material basis and resources development and utilization.
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Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Glycyrrhiza uralensis , Mass Spectrometry , Plant Components, AerialABSTRACT
Objective To forecast the trend of mosquito density index in Pudong New Area, Shanghai so as to provide evidence for disease control and risk-control measures for vector-borne diseases. Methods Mosquito monitoring data was collected in Pudong New Area between 2011 and 2015 at the city-level monitoring sites for analysis on the trend of the mosquito density index in Pudong New Area of Shanghai by using the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average Model (ARIMA). Results From 2011 to 2015, a total of 135 times labor-hour monitoring were carried out at the city-level monitoring points in Pudong New Area.The mosquito density index averaged 6.17/labor-hour with a standard deviation at 4.93, S=[0, 18]/labor-hour.Using ARIMA to analyze the change trend of mosquito density index in Pudong New Area, ARIMA(2, 0, 1)became the final fitting model, with R2=0.808.In the model, the Ljung-Box Q test value was 19.632(AR1=1.866, AR2=-0.907), and MA parameter was 0.999. Conclusion ARIMA model can be used to predict mosquito density monitoring data, but low monitoring frequency and irregular cycle length will affect the prediction results.
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Objective To learn the density, distribution, population composition, and seasonal fluctuation of mosquitoes in Shanghai Pudong New Area, and to provide evidence for the mosquito-borne diseases control and prevention. Methods From 2017 to 2019, light trap method was used to monitor the mosquito density in farmyard, parks, hospitals, residential areas and the barns, three times a month from April to November. Results A total of 24 times/set light traps were set up and 7 104 mosquitoes were captured.The average density was 3.07 insects per lamp.Culex pipienspallens (81.52%) and Aedes albopictus (12.10%) were the mostly captured, followed by Armigeres subalbatus (3.24%), Culex tritaeniorhynchus (2.78%) and Anopheles sinensis (0.36%).The proportion of Culex pipienspallens was increasing year by year, and that of Aedes albopictus was decreasing year by year.The seasonal variation curve of mosquito density showed a single peak distribution, with the peak from June to July.Among the five habitat types, the mosquito density from high to low was hospital (4.68/set), farmyard (4.38/set), livestock shed (3.25/set), residential household (2.81/set) and park (1.38/set).The mosquito density in urban area, urban-rural junction and rural area was 2.69, 3.32 and 3.36 respectively (i.e., rural area > urban-rural integration > urban area). Conclusion Culex pipienspallens and Aedes albopictus are the dominant species in Pudong New Area.Parks, hospitals and residential areas are the most important mosquitoes infestation areas, therefore more attention must be paid to mosquito control in these areas.
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OBJECTIVE@#To develop a software based on "UniDental" system which is a virtual reality dental simulation system and applied to undergraduate majoring in stomatology to improve the ability of identifying caries.@*METHODS@#A software was developed applying to identify virtual dental caries based on UniDental system. In the software, a virtual dental caries model was designed and carious tissue was separated to 3 layers by the depth. The stiffness was the same within each layer which was increasing gradually layer by layer. The roughness was also the same within each layer which was decreasing gradually layer by layer. Sixty-four participants in pre-clinical stage of the class of 2014 majoring in stomatology from Peking University School of Stomatology were trained with the software. During the training, the students should probe on the virtual dental carious tissue layer by layer and feel the difference of vertical stiffness and horizontal roughness of each layer by using a handpiece with realistic force feedback. After training, a questionnaire survey was conducted to evaluate the software including a score of 1-5 for haptic fidelity of stiffness and roughness and their relevant gradient and benefit of improving the ability of identifying caries, choosing the preferred training method. The data were statistically analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis test.@*RESULTS@#The median of subjective evaluation scores of the proposed metrics were all "4", demonstrating that the software operated above medium fidelity. The stiffness scores of all 3 layers were statistically significant (P < 0.05) on the stiffness gradient score. The roughness scores of the 1st and 2nd layers were statistically significant (P < 0.05) on the roughness gradient score. The training was helpful to improve the ability of identifying caries (median was 4). The scores of all 3 layers stiffness and relevant gradient were statistically significant (P < 0.05) on the score of benefit of improving the ability of identifying caries. 90.4% of the participants preferred the traditional extracted teeth training method.@*CONCLUSION@#The virtual reality dental simulation system was helpful to improve students' ability of identifying caries. It couldn't replace the traditional extracted teeth training method by now, it should be used as a supplement to the traditional training method.
Subject(s)
Humans , Clinical Competence , Computer Simulation , Dental Caries/diagnosis , Dental Caries Susceptibility , Simulation Training , User-Computer Interface , Virtual RealityABSTRACT
Objective@#To study the early dynamics of the epidemic of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in China from 15 to 31 January, 2020, and estimate the corresponding epidemiological parameters (incubation period, generation interval and basic reproduction number) of the epidemic.@*Methods@#By means of Weibull, Gamma and Lognormal distributions methods, we estimated the probability distribution of the incubation period and generation interval data obtained from the reported COVID-19 cases. Moreover, the AIC criterion was used to determine the optimal distribution. Considering the epidemic is ongoing, the exponential growth model was used to fit the incidence data of COVID-19 from 10 to 31 January, 2020, and exponential growth method, maximum likelihood method and SEIR model were used to estimate the basic reproduction number.@*Results@#Early COVID-19 cases kept an increase in exponential growth manner before 26 January, 2020, then the increase trend became slower. The average incubation period was 5.01 (95%CI: 4.31-5.69) days; the average generation interval was 6.03 (95%CI: 5.20-6.91) days. The basic reproduction number was estimated to be 3.74 (95%CI: 3.63-3.87), 3.16 (95%CI: 2.90-3.43), and 3.91 (95%CI: 3.71-4.11) by three methods, respectively.@*Conclusions@#The Gamma distribution fits both the generation interval and incubation period best, and the mean value of generation interval is 1.02 day longer than that of incubation period. The relatively high basic reproduction number indicates that the epidemic is still serious; Based on our analysis, the turning point of the epidemic would be seen on 26 January, the growth rate would be lower afterwards.
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Objective To establish a scientific, operational monitoring and early warning index system for schistosomiasis, so as to provide scientific evidence for promoting the scientification and standardization of early warning system in Poyang Lake Eco-economic Region. Methods Two rounds of Delphi experts’ interviews were applied to construct Index system. The weight value of each indicator was determined by the Analytic Hierarchy process and improvable proportionate allocation method. Reliability, validity of index system and the rationality of index weight distribution can be evaluated in site investigation. Results The Index system included 3 first-order indicators, 9 second-order indicators, and 35 third-order indicators. The 3 first-order indicators were endemic status, environmental and social factors, control measures, with the weight value of 0.531 0, 0.101 5 and 0.367 5, respectively. For the 9 second-order indicators, the highest weight value was for Infection status of human and livestock (0.179 5)and the lowest for social factors(0.050 6). During site investigation, the Cronbach’s alpha and spit half reliability of the total index system and three first-order indicators were all over 0.90, the Kendall W coefficient for the data collected in site investigation and Delphi consultation was 0.742 (P=0.018). Conclusions The Monitoring and Early Warning Index System for Schistosomiasis is suitable for the infection status of Poyang Lake Eco-economic region. The reliability and validity of index system are satisfactory, and the indicator weight distribution is rational.
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OBJECTIVE@#To observe the effects of Shenmai injection(SM) on p38MAPK and the apoptosis-related genes in lung injury induced by intestinal ischemia reperfusion (I/R) in rats and to investigate the protective mechanism of SM.@*METHODS@#Rat model of intestinal I/R injury was established with clamping of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) for 60 min and then clamping was relieved for 60 min. Twenty-four SD rats were randomly divided into three groups with eight rats in each: control group, intestinal ischemia/reperfusion group(I/R group), Shenmai injection treated group (SM+I/R group). Lung wet/dry weight ratio(W/D), the contents of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and total phospholipid(TPL) which are the major ingredients of pulmonary surfactant were measured, as well as the expression levels of p38MAPK, Bcl-2 and Bax proteins in lung tissue were examined by using immunohistochemical method.@*RESULTS@#Compared with control group, lung W/D was significantly increased, the contents of PC and TPL were significantly decreased, the protein expression levels of p38MAPK, Bcl-2 and Bax were significantly increased in I/R group (all P＜0.01). But Bax protein expression was much greater than Bcl-2 protein expression, the ratio of Bcl-2 to Bax were significantly decreased in I/R group than that in control group (P＜0.01). Compared with I/R group, lung W/D was significantly decreased, while the contents of PC and TPL were significantly increased, the p38MAPK and Bax protein expression levels were significantly decreased in SM+I/R group (all P＜0.01); both Bcl-2 protein expression and the ratio of Bcl-2 to Bax were significantly increased in SM+I/R group than those in I/R group (P＜0.01). The correlation analysis indicated that the expression level of p38MAPK protein in lung tissue was negatively correlated with the contents of PC and the ratio of Bcl-2 to Bax (r is -0.787 and -0.731, all P＜0.01).@*CONCLUSION@#SM can protect the lung injury induced by intestinal I/R injury, which may be mediated by inhibiting the activation of p38MAPK, improving the ratio of Bcl-2 to Bax to inhibit lung apoptosis.